Saturday,
February 7, 2015
Meeting
ET Would Change Humanity
In 1938, Orson Welles narrated a radio broadcast of "War of the
Worlds" as a series of simulated radio bulletins of what was happening in
real time as Martians arrived on our home planet.
The broadcast is widely remembered for creating public panic, although to what extent is hotly debated today. Still, the incident serves as an illustration of what could happen when the first life beyond Earth is discovered. While scientists might be excited by the prospect, introducing the public, politicians and interest groups to the idea could take some time.
How extraterrestrial life would change our world view is a research interest of
Steven Dick, who just completed a term as the Baruch S. Blumberg NASA/Library
of Congress Chair of Astrobiology. The chair is jointly sponsored by the NASA
Astrobiology Program and the John W. Kluge Center, at the Library of Congress.
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Steven Dick
Astrobiologist
and Historian with NASA |
Dick is a former astronomer and historian at the United States Naval
Observatory, a past chief historian for NASA, and has published several books concerning the discovery of life beyond Earth.
To Dick, even the discovery of microbes would be a profound shift for science. "If we found microbes, it would have an effect on science, especially biology, by universalizing biology," he said. "We only have one case of biology on Earth. It's all related. It's all DNA-based. If we found an independent example on Mars or Europa, we have a chance of forming a universal biology."
Dick points out that even the possibilities of extraterrestrial fossils could change our viewpoints, such as the ongoing discussion of ALH84001, a Martian meteorite found in Antarctica that erupted into public consciousness in 1996 after a Science article said structures inside of it could be linked to biological activity.
The conclusion, which is still debated today, led to congressional hearings. "I've done a book about discovery in astronomy, and it's an extended process," Dick pointed out. "It's not like you point your telescope and say, 'Oh, I made a discovery.' It's always an extended process: You have to detect something, you have to interpret it, and it takes a long time to understand it. As for extraterrestrial life, the Mars rock showed it could take an extended period of years to understand it."
Mayan decipherments
In his year at the Library of Congress, Dick spent time searching for historical examples (as well as historical analogies) of how humanity might deal with first contact with an extraterrestrial civilization.
History shows that contact with new cultures can go in vastly different directions. Hernan Cortes' treatment of the Aztecs is often cited as an example of how wrong first contact can go.
But there were other efforts that were a little more mutually beneficial, although the outcomes were never perfect. Fur traders in Canada in the 1800s worked closely with Native Americans, for example, and the Chinese treasure fleet of the 15th Century successfully brought its home culture far beyond its borders, perhaps even to East Africa.
Even when both sides were trying hard to make communication work, there
were barriers, noted Dick. "The Jesuits had contact
Native Americans," he pointed out. "Certain concepts were difficult,
like when they tried to get across the ideas of the soul and immortality."
Indirect contact by way of radio communications through the Search for
Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), also illustrates the challenges of
transmitting information across cultures.
There is historical precedence for this, such as when Greek knowledge
passed west through Arab in the 12th Century. This shows that it is possible
for ideas to be revived, even from dead cultures, he said. It's also quite
possible that the language we receive across these indirect communications
would be foreign to us. Even though mathematics is often cited as a universal
language, Dick said there are actually two schools of thought. One theory is
that there is, indeed, one kind of mathematics that is based on a Platonic
idea, and the other theory is that mathematics is a construction of the culture
that you are in. "There will be a decipherment process. It might be more
like the Mayan decipherments," Dick said.
The ethics of contact
The ethics of contact
"There is also the question of what I call astro-ethics," Dick said. "How do you treat alien life? How do you treat it differently, ranging from microbes to intelligence? So we had a philosopher at our symposium talking about the moral status of non-human organisms, talking in relation to animals on Earth and what their status is in relation to us."
Dick plans to collect the lectures in a book for publication next year.
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